Juridifier l’Anthropocène: personnification de la nature, biens communs,etc.

Les dégradations sans précédent subies par la Terre et la raréfaction des ressources naturelles du fait de l’activité humaine justifient un intérêt accru du droit pour l’eau, le sol, les plantes, les écosystèmes, les animaux, bref la nature à l’âge de l’Anthropocène. Ce que les sciences sociales nomment les « non humains » embarrassent les juristes qui pensent le monde à travers leur héritage occidental romaniste. En effet, les « non humains » ne sont pas véritablement des « personnes », pas seulement des « choses », les catégories fondamentales du droit. Et pourtant, les grands défis environnementaux obligent les juristes à adapter leurs catégories afin de prendre en compte l’irruption de la nature dans le champ du politique. La notion de biens communs suscite ainsi un profond intérêt en tant que mécanisme de protection des res- sources naturelles pensé en rapport avec les usages sociaux qu’en font les humains -tel l’eau- alors que d’autres perspectives sur les communs tendent au contraire à préserver l’accès à des biens ou informa- tions seulement à certaines personnes. Par exemple, a été rattachée aux biens communs la faculté d’établir des servitudes sur certains biens au profit de la pro- tection de l’environnement (loi du 8 août 2016 relative à la reconquête de la biodiversité). Cette catégorie permet-elle de lier biens et personnes en des confi- gurations inédites, non plus de pouvoir absolu d’une personne sur la chose, mais d’usage collectif ? L’idée de personnifier la nature en lui attribuant la qualité de sujet de droit tend elle aussi à se diffuser mondialement. En mars 2017, le Parlement de Nou- velle-Zélande a qualifié le fleuve Whanganui d’être vi- vant, au terme de négociations avec les tribus maories.

En avril 2017, en Inde, c’est le juge qui a pris une telle initiative à l’égard du Gange et de son principal af- fluent qu’il a reconnu comme des « entités vivantes ayant le statut de personne morale ». Dans un sens un peu différent, des constitutions d’Amérique latine ont reconnu des droits subjectifs à la Terre nourricière (Bolivie et Equateur). Serait-il pertinent et opportun d’imaginer une greffe, au sens du doyen Carbonnier, de tels mécanismes de personnification dans d’autres droits ?

Mais utiliser ces catégories romanistes ou de la tra- dition médiévale européenne, n’est-ce pas à nouveau réduire le monde à une vision unique, européo-cen- trée et datée ? C’est ce que tend à nous apprendre anthropologie, philosophie, géographie, qui constatent l’effritement de la distinction occidentale entre nature et culture. Est-t-il alors possible de convoquer l’actua- lité de la pensée mondiale sur l’Anthropocène, qui ré- clame une décolonisation des sciences sociales et une mise en cause de la notion occidentale de « nature » (Partie 1) afin d’évaluer les réponses que les juristes souhaitent donner à la question de la « légalisation » de la nature, c’est-à-dire à la « juridification de l’An- thropocène » (Partie 2)

StevenInawn

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StevenInawn
says avril 08, 2026 at 9 h 21 min
Your comment is awaiting moderation.

Enosys dex liquidity pools. Enosys is a decentralized exchange (DEX) that allows users to trade cryptocurrencies directly with one another without the need for a central authority. One of the key features of Enosys is its liquidity pools, which provide a way for traders to easily buy and sell digital assets with minimal slippage. Liquidity pools are essentially a collection of funds provided by users that are used to facilitate trades on the platform enosys-global.com . When a user wants to make a trade, they can do so by swapping their assets with the assets in the pool. This helps to ensure that there is always enough liquidity available for trades to be executed quickly and efficiently. Enosys dex liquidity pools are designed to be user-friendly and accessible to traders of all levels of experience. Users can easily add their assets to a pool by depositing them into a smart contract, which then automatically calculates their share of the pool based on the amount of assets they have contributed. This allows users to earn a portion of the trading fees generated by the pool in proportion to their share of the total liquidity. One of the advantages of using Enosys dex liquidity pools is that they can help to reduce the impact of slippage on trades. Slippage occurs when the price of an asset changes between the time a trade is initiated and the time it is executed, resulting in a less favorable exchange rate for the trader. By using liquidity pools, traders can be more confident that they will receive a fair price for their assets, as the pools help to stabilize prices and reduce the risk of price manipulation. Another benefit of Enosys dex liquidity pools is that they can help to increase the overall liquidity of the platform. By providing a way for users to easily add their assets to pools, Enosys can ensure that there is always sufficient liquidity available for trades to be executed quickly and efficiently. This can help to attract more traders to the platform and improve the overall trading experience for all users. In addition to providing liquidity for trades, Enosys dex liquidity pools also generate fees for the users who contribute their assets. When a trade is executed using a pool, a small fee is charged, which is then distributed among the users who have contributed to the pool. This can provide an additional source of income for users and incentivize them to continue providing liquidity to the platform. Overall, Enosys dex liquidity pools are an important feature of the platform that help to facilitate trading and provide a number of benefits to users. By using liquidity pools, traders can enjoy reduced slippage, increased liquidity, and the opportunity to earn fees for providing liquidity to the platform. As Enosys continues to grow and evolve, liquidity pools will play an important role in ensuring that the platform remains a reliable and efficient option for trading digital assets.

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